The influence of secondary reconstruction slice thickness on NewTom 3G cone beam computed tomography–based radiological interpretation of sheep mandibular condyle fractures Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the different secondary reconstruction slice thicknesses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) on artificially created mandibular condyle fractures. Methods. A total of 63 sheep heads with or without condylar fractures were scanned with a NewTom 3G CBCT scanner. Multiplanar reformatted (MPR) views in 0.2-mm, 1-mm, 2-mm, and 3-mm secondary reconstruction slice thicknesses were evaluated by 7 observers. Inter- and intraobserver agreements were calculated with weighted kappa statistics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to statistically compare the area under the curve (AUC) of each slice thickness. Results. The kappa coefficients varied from fair and to excellent. The AUCs of 0.2-mm and 1-mm slice thicknesses were found to be significantly higher than those of 2 mm and 3 mm for some type of fractures. Conclusion. CBCT was found to be accurate in detecting all variants of fractures at 0.2 mm and 1 mm. However, 2- mm and 3-mm slices were not suitable to detect fissure, complete, and comminuted types of mandibular condyle fractures.
The Investigation in Service Quality Management of 3G Business for Telecom Operators Abstract—3rd generation mobile communication networks (3G) have been heralded as a great shift that will make the market competition to be fierce increasingly. In this situation, the telecom operators are improving service quality to develop 3G users. Based on the discussion of the basic principle of Customer Perceived Service Quality Model and SERVQUAL Model, this paper has improved them for the characteristics of the telecom industry. Finally, this paper has described the content of service quality management and put forward the parameters System in 3G era.
The Research and Design of 3G terminal data confidentiality services Abstract__3GPP does not supply any active security service interface or available security algorithm model for the terminals, which restricts the initiative ability and configuration ability of security communication on the application layer in a great deal. Focusing on this problem, we firstly brought forward three-layer architecture which guarantees application layer’s communication security of 3G terminals, researched secure confidentiality service model which is convenient for developers, the algorithm consultation mechanism used in the application layer and the security algorithm model F8* which guarantees the confidentiality of terminal data transmission are included. It is indicated that models and functions raised in this article are able to be used to supply active, visible and selectable confidentiality service for terminals.
The research and design of intelligence wireless Mobile Learning platform based on 3G Abstract—With the rapid development and popularization of wireless communication technologies (WLAN). The Fourth Generation of Mobile Communication, together with 3G and wireless computer network communication and transmit high quality video image rapidly, will be applied and spread widely in people’s daily work and live. The rapid development and abroad application of Mobile Learning demand the high quality foundation establishment of Mobile Learning. Moreover, the Mobile Learning platform is the most important equipment. With the keep expanding of Mobile and the learning for life, Mobile Learning will be one of the most important way of study in the further, the research of intelligence wireless study is very important to the development of distance education technology. Based on the analysis of 3G technology, this article researched the design of intelligence mobile study platform which can satisfy the requirement of the personalized needs of learners and bring forward corresponding technology program.
The study of dynamic process of the triopoly games in chinese 3G telecommunication market
Abstract__At first, the paper described a brief history of communication in China. In 2008, the third generation (3G) telecommunication technologies began to develop. In Chinese 3G telecommunication market, there are three oligopolistic competitors. In order to study competing process of the triopoly, the paper considered a Bertrand model with bounded rational. A triopoly game is modeled by three nonlinear difference equations. By using the theory of bifurcations of dynamical systems, the existence and stability for the equilibria of this system were obtained. Numerical simulations were used to show bifurcations diagrams, the maximum Lyapunov exponent and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. We observed that increasing the speed of adjustment of bounded rational player might change the stability of Nash equilibrium point and cause bifurcation and chaos to occur. Thus, it will be difficult to make strategy and to forecast for each enterprise. It might cause the telecom markets to be irregular. The analysis and results in this paper are important for Chinese telecommunication markets, the same to mathematics.
The third-generation-mobile (3G) policy and deployment in China: Current status, challenges, and prospects
Abstract__Since the inception of telecom reform in 1994, structural reform has been a main thread surrounding the course of the development of China’s telecommunications industry. In structuring the 2008 reform and the 2009 3G rollout China’s government adopted a relatively balanced approach in the hope of creating level-playing-field in 3G era. Nevertheless, due to the presence of substantial switching costs, substitution effects from the present technology mode, that is, 2.5G, the absence of killer applications, among other technological and institutional factors, China may not have a realistic 3G era before moving toward 4G and beyond. At the bare minimum, currently there is a lacking of either adequate technological-push or demand-pull for a full-scale 3G commercialization —there is no sign that this situation will change in the near term. Triggered by recent initiatives of market convergence between the telecommunications, Internet, and cable, a renewed circle of market, and regulatory reform is probably necessary to cast a sounder industry basis for a timing migration toward the next-generation-networks (NGNs). The timing migration toward 4G (and beyond) may provide a chance for a late-mover nation like China to leapfrog its western counterparts in leading the industry in the era of NGNs. To this end, China is confronted with challenge in re-examining its industry policy as well as technological strategies for a sustainable development in the era of NGNs. This study offers heuristic analysis and insights on the above issues based on archival documents and interviews. While implications are suggested for China’s circumstances, the Chinese experiences may also be considered by other countries and investors when it comes to 3G (and beyond) policies, regulations, deployments, and evolutions.
The Tradeoff between Personalized Service and Privacy: An Empirical Analysis of 3G Adoption Abstract—3G is the primary trend of mobile service in the future, users face a tradeoff between personalization and privacy in the 3G adoption process. The extended valence framework can be used in this paper to explain that how this tradeoff influence user’s usage intention of 3G service.
The Application of Flash into M-Iearning in 3G Initial Stage Abstract - With the development of the 3G technology, Mlearning enters a period of rapid development. But meanwhile 3G also restrains the development of M-Iearning due to several drawbacks in its early days. According to the application analysis, it comes out Flash has its unique features: small capacity, easy to develop high-quality and etc, which can make up for 3G initial stage's disadvantages. Through case design, this paper proves that Flash can be a new effective approach and way for M-Iearning in the 3G network. In the end, from the aspects of technical and artistic, this paper makes a further research on how to improve the flash animation to serve the M-Iearning better.
The Cross-layer Adaptation of TCP-Friendly Rate Control to 3G Wireless Links Abstract— Existing transmission control protocol (TCP) and TCP-Friendly flows suffer from unpredictable losses and delay over wireless links because such factors may cause sending rate throttling and lower the reactivity of transmission control. This paper presents a cross-layer approach to adapt TCP-Friendly rate control (TFRC) to these two factors of 3-rd generation (3G) wireless links. For effective adaptation, we classify the causes of packet losses and delay observed in transport layer as: Capacityrelated and Erroneous-channel-related, and recognize them by using layer 2 automatic repeat-request (ARQ) information. The proposed approach takes into account hybrid ARQ (HARQ), adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and layer 2 ARQ and is simulated over the high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) links. Simulation results show that our approach outperform the standard TFRC and one other improved TFRC scheme. Besides, it is shown that erroneous-channel-related delay adaptation makes it possible to increase the throughput of TFRC effectively even in cases where no erroneous-channel-related loss occurs.
The Evaluation Model of Mobile Network Service and Its Application in the 3G Era
Abstract_First of all, by using the Customer Perceived Service Quality and SERVPERF, the mobile network service evaluation model in the
3G era is established, the weights of the index is weighed and the effect is tested. Then the model is used to evaluate the current situation of the mobile network service of A company, and to find out the problems in data business, complaints and so on; also, the practical and instructional guidance on the Mobile Network Service in the 3G era is streamed, such as service innovation, searching new market segmentation and making full use of channels as well.
