Path Loss Analysis for 3G Mobile Networks for Urban and Rural Regions of Mauritius
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
- In view of designing any mobile network system, the fundamental task is to predict the coverage of the proposed system. A wide variety of approaches have been developed over the years to predict coverage using what are known as propagation models. In this paper, we compare the measured path loss obtained for the sub-urban areas with that for the rural areas and then with four propagation models, that is, Clutter, Lee, Okumura-Hata and Extended COST-231. Firstly, for both areas, the results show that the path loss is not constant at various locations for a constant distance around the respective base transceiver station (BTS) showing that the terrain of Mauritius is irregular. The effects of multipath are more pronounced in the rural than causing higher probability of signal errors. Secondly, we find that Lee model is not in agreement with the values obtained for both regions. Observations show that the Clutter model gives better agreement for rural regions. However, observations show that the Okumura-Hata gives better agreement for all rural, suburban and urban regions, hence, it can be used to model any region in Mauritius.
Overview of ARQ and HARQ in Beyond 3G Systems Abstract—In this paper, we present a review of automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ) mechanisms implemented or proposed in beyond 3rd generation (B3G) wireless systems based on OFDMA. In particular, we will focus on part of the IEEE 802.16 standard family (IEEE 802.16-2005, IEEE 802.16m) and on 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). In the second part of this overview, some performance curves show how HARQ can help in reducing performance degradation in mobility context.
Path Loss Analysis for 3G Mobile Networks for Urban and Rural Regions of Mauritius Abstract - In view of designing any mobile network system, the fundamental task is to predict the coverage of the proposed system. A wide variety of approaches have been developed over the years to predict coverage using what are known as propagation models. In this paper, we compare the measured path loss obtained for the sub-urban areas with that for the rural areas and then with four propagation models, that is, Clutter, Lee, Okumura-Hata and Extended COST-231. Firstly, for both areas, the results show that the path loss is not constant at various locations for a constant distance around the respective base transceiver station (BTS) showing that the terrain of Mauritius is irregular. The effects of multipath are more pronounced in the rural than causing higher probability of signal errors. Secondly, we find that Lee model is not in agreement with the values obtained for both regions. Observations show that the Clutter model gives better agreement for rural regions. However, observations show that the Okumura-Hata gives better agreement for all rural, suburban and urban regions, hence, it can be used to model any region in Mauritius.
Performance Gains of Network Coding in Evolved 3G Mobile Network for MBMS Abstract—3GPP has defined a Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS), which is a major enhancement in the downlink of the 3G standard. The focus of MBMS is on the efficient management of radio and core network resources while reusing as much existing functionality as possible. On the other hand, Network Coding has been proved that can achieve the throughput capacity of an arbitrary multicast session by allowing intermediate nodes encode the incoming packets before forward. In this paper, we focus on the performance of random network coding for MBMS in evolved 3G mobile network. Basis on the architecture of multiple cell service of MBMS, we propose a multicast scheme using random network coding (RNCM). In this scheme, we integrate the capability of random network coding and the several service channel provided by the Base Stations (BS) in a MBMS cell. The simulation results show that RNCM scheme can increase the throughput of network significantly.
Performance footprints of
heavy-users in 3G networks via empirical measurement Abstract—Cellular technology is widely used for Internet access, also because most operators are now offering Mbit/s data rates at affordable prices. Many studies analyzed the performance of these networks using analytical or simulation approaches. However, due to lack of data from operational environments, very little is known about the performance of real cellular networks. In this paper, we assess the performance of the 3G network of one of the major European telecom operators, using several recent traffic traces of TCP connections to port 80 and 8080. After presenting performance statistics related to all the network users, we focus on heavy users. To assess their performance and to uncover the related causes, we introduce an investigation approach easily repeatable in the very common situation where only data traces are available, with no other information such as mapping of users to cells, network capacity, or packet payload. Analyzing both “single long-lived connections” and “multiple long-lived connections”, we assess the performance of those users, providing insights on how and why performance can vary significantly over time and among different users.
Performing QoE-Measurements in an actual 3G network Abstract— In the (mobile) communications domain, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become the ultimate metric influencing the success or failure of new applications and services. Since it is increasingly argued in the literature that QoE should be seen as a multi-dimensional concept, this paper focuses on QoE from an interdisciplinary perspective. In this paper, we discuss a framework that can be used for the evaluation of QoE in mobile settings. Additionally, QoE related to a mobile video-streaming application was evaluated by a user panel in a semi real life context. In this study, users’ subjective evaluation of relevant QoE dimensions is related to a set of objective parameters.
Practical End-to-End Performance Testing Tool for High Speed 3G-Based Networks Abstract__High speed IP communication is a killer application for 3rd generation (3G) mobile systems. Thus 3G network operators should perform extensive tests to check whether expected end-to-end performances are provided to customers under various environments. An important objective of such tests is to check whether network nodes fulfill requirements to durations of processing packets because a long duration of such processing causes performance degradation. This requires testers (persons who do tests) to precisely know how long a packet is hold by various network nodes. Without any tool’s help, this task is time-consuming and error prone. Thus we propose a multi-point packet header analysis tool which extracts and records packet headers with synchronized timestamps at multiple observation points. Such recorded packet headers enable testers to calculate such holding durations. The notable feature of this tool is that it is implemented on off-the shelf hardware platforms, i.e., lap-top personal computers. The key challenges of the implementation are precise clock synchronization without any special hardware and a sophisticated header extraction algorithm without any drop.
Preliminary Analysis on the 3G-interview Abstract—This paper defines the concept of E-interview, analyze the advantage of E-interview and elaborate the reason of the application scope of the E-interview in the current personnel selection. This paper not only points out the important position and the applicable scope of the E-interview in the current personnel select, but also does the basic estimate to the application foreground of the E-interview. For making good use of E-interview in the business and government, it also gives some suggestions about the preparation of the hardware and applicants.
QoE-driven dynamic management proposals for 3G VoIP services Abstract__Most of the currently available adaptation solutions of VoIP over UMTS are based on the modification of service parameters as the only available reaction against any detected service degradation. On the contrary,
in this paper we propose a combined approach where service-level adaptation is considered first and, provided that no suitable parameter combination is capable of providing enough QoE, a change of network state will be suggested. In order to do so we analyze the performance of the end-to-end (e2e) performance metrics in this convergent scenario, the root causes of possible degradations and, finally, the combined effects of the different network segments and their impact on the user perceived QoE. We show the map of best performing VoIP configurations for every state of the network segments. Furthermore, considering each of these configurations, we analyze the acceptability of the service or the convenience of trying to modify the network state. Finally, a lightweight implementation based on simple network state estimation and decision heuristics is proposed and validated in terms of accuracy and responsiveness.
QoE oriented cross-layer design of a resource allocation algorithm in beyond 3G systems Abstract__The provision of high speed access to Internet and IP-based services is one of the main goals of beyond 3G (B3G) wireless systems. These systems will benefit from cross-layer protocol designs that will introduce interactions between different layers to obtain performance gains. The majority of the research in the
field of cross-layer in B3G systems aims at improving quality of service (QoS) system centric metrics such as spectral efficiency, service latency, delay variation (jitter), etc. However, minor attention has been paid to the satisfaction of the subjective quality requirements from human users. With the goal of incorporating the subjective human perception into the cross-layer design of B3G systems, this work carries out an experimental survey of the sensitivity of the user subjective quality to the service response time for the Web browsing application. From the experimental results, a mapping from service response time and user data rate (provided by the wireless link) to mean opinion score (MOS) is derived. The presented results will show that the Web page size plays an important role in the mapping function. The derived mapping function is incorporated into a radio resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. This incorporation is carried out maximizing the aggregate utility over all the users in the cell. Its performance has been compared to that of the multicarrier proportional fair (MPF) under heavy load conditions with a 3G LTE simulator. The results have shown that the proposed methodology can provide an interesting enhancement of the user experienced quality compared to the MPF algorithm.
