In this video explains Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers.

Alcohols:The common name of alcohols is derived by adding alcohol to the alkyl group present in that compound.Ex: Methyl alcohol. The IUPAC name of alcohol is derived by substituting 'ol' inplace of ‘e’ in alkanes.Ex: Ethanol. The position of substituents indicated by numericals, consider the longest carbon chain, give least number possible to carbon bearing-OH group, if more than one -OH is present then prefix di, tri, tetra before ‘ol’.Ex: Ethan-1, 2-diol. If-OH is attached to cyclic compound then write cyclo as the prefixEx: Cyclo hexanol.

Phenols : Simplest hydroxy derivative of benzene is phenol. It is the common nameas well as IUPAC name.common naming can be ortho, meta, para butinIUPAC system numerical is mentioned.Ex: Catechol or Benzene-1,2-diol.

Ethers : Common names are derived from alkyl or aryl groups attached to oxygen written as separate words in alphabetical order and by adding the word ‘ether’ at the end. If two alkyl or aryl groups are same then ‘di’ is added as prefixEX: ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether. According to IUPAC system ethers are the hydrocarbon compounds in which hydrogen is substituted by ‘-OR’ or ‘-OAr’ group [R –alkyl, Ar – Aryl]. The larger -R is considered as the parent hydrocarbon and the smaller ‘R’ as alkoxy or aryloxy i’e alkoxy alkane.EX: Ethoxy benzene,1-phenoxy heptane, 3-methyl butoxy benzene.

Isomerism : Alcohols exhibit chain, positional and functional isomerism. Alcohols are the functional isomers of ethers. Saturated alcohol and ethers have the same general formula i.e.,CnH2n+2O. Ethers exhibit metamerism also.In alcohols ∠COH is slightly less than 1090.28I because of the repulsion between the lone pair of electrons on oxygen. The carbon oxygen bond length in phenol 136 pm is less than that of on alcohols ie 142 pm in methanol due to partial double bond character Resonance and the carbon is sp2 hybridized. In ethers∠COC isslightly greater than tetrahedral angle (1090.28I) due to appropriate arrangement of two lone pairs and two bond pairs on oxygen. The C-O bond length is almost same 141 pm as in alcohols. 

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