This video explains Calcination is a process in which ore is subjected to the action of heat in the absence of air. This expels the organic matter and moisture present in the ore as well as carbon dioxide from a carbonate ore or water from a hydrated ore. Roasting is heating the ore in the presence of air. Roasting is generally used for sulphide ore to convert them fully or partially in to the oxides. Smelting reduces the ore into molten metal by heating it with flux at high temperature. Therefore flux is a material which combines with the impurities (gangue) and convert them to a fusible material called slag.

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