ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS : PREPARATION OF ETHERS: Alcohols and phenols are classified based on number of OH groups, based on the hybridization of carbon to which OH is attached and ethers are classified based on the alkyl groups attached to oxygen. Alcohols are prepared by hydration of alkenes by hydroboration oxidation, from carbonyl compounds and by reduction and the action of R M9x. Phenols are prepared by substitution of halogen in aryl halides sulphonic group in aryl sulphonic acids by hydrolysis of benzene diazonium chloride and from cumene. Alcohols have higher Boiling Point than other compounds with similar molecular mass. Alcohols and phenols are acidic in nature. Acidic nature increases with the increase in number of electron withdrawing groups and decreases with increase in electron release group. Aliohols and phenols are soluble in water due to formation of inter molecular hydrogen bonding. Alcohols undergo nucleo philic substitution reactions, dehydration, oxidation and reduction reactions. Phenols undergo electrophilic substitution reactions and it directs the group to ortho and Para positions. Phenols undergo Reimer–Tiemann reaction Kolbe’s reaction.

Ethers are prepared by dehydration of alcohols, William sons synthesis. Boiling Points resembles those of alkanes with similar molecular mass. Solubility in water is less when compared to alcohols.
Ethers undergo reactions in which ethereal oxygen is involved, reactions involving alkyl group and reactions involving the cleavage of C O bond. In aryl ethers the incoming group is directed to ortho and para position.

ที่มา : http://www.7active.in

ลิงค์ : http://youtu.be/pMgVplZe91w

อัพโหลดโดย : 7activestudio