EQUILIBRIUM:Reactions which proceed only in one direction are called irreversible reactions, that is they are unidirectional. For example, Neutralization of HCl With NaOH Reactions which proceed in both directions are called reversible reactions.In a Reversible reaction, a stage is reached where the two opposite reactions will be taking place simultaneously with equal speed such a state in a reversible reaction is called a state of equilibrium. When the reactants in a closed vessel at a particular temperature react to give products, the concentration of reactants keep on decreasing, while those of products keep on increasing for some time, after which there is no change in concentrations of either of the reactants or products. This stage of the system is called 'dynamic equilibrium' and the rate of forward and reverse reaction become equal.Equilibrium can be established for both physical processes and chemical reactions.liquid equilibrium:For example when ice and water kept in a perfectly insulated thermoflask at 273kand the atmospheric pressure, we observe there is no change of mass of ice and water, as the rate of transfer of molecules from ice into water and of reverse transfer from water into ice are equal.Therefore at atmospheric pressure the temperature at which the solid at liquid phases are at equilibrium is called the normal melting point (or) normal freezing point.liquid -- vapour equilibrium.

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